M’Zab Valley

The M'Zab Valley is located in Ghardaïa Province, southern Algeria, and is home to the Ibades. The five main villages were established in the 10th century AD to serve as a safe refuge. The villages are organized around a strict defensive system and a unique social structure. Mosques are located at the heart of the villages and function as centers of religious and cultural life. Houses are built from mud and respect the harsh desert environment. M'Zab architecture aims to conserve water and natural resources. The inhabitants still preserve their traditions and ancient social customs. The M'Zab Valley demonstrates a rare intelligence in human integration with the surrounding environment. It is an exceptional example of traditional sustainable development. The valley was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1982.